Selection of an anticoagulant for treatment of VTE

 

  • In NHS Lothian treatment of VTE can be either with:
    • apixaban, or
    • LMWH and warfarin
  • An individual decision should be made for each patient based on the following recommendations:

Selecting an anticoagulant:

  • warfarin should be used if weight greater than 120kg
  • LMWH should be chosen if the patient has active cancer
  • DOACs are renally eliminated and should not be used if eGFR less than 30 ml/min

If the above are not applicable, the choice of anticoagulant should be discussed with the patient; some may opt for a drug with a longer history of use or have warfarin again if they have been on it before.

The efficiency of apixaban is similar to that of warfarin. If there is no medical reason to favour warfarin and if there is no patient preference for warfarin then apixaban should be chosen. Compared to warfarin, apixaban is significantly less likely to cause clinically relevant non-major bleeding. There is also a dose reduction after 6 months for apixaban, making this the direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) of choice.

If a once daily DOAC is felt to be beneficial (for example for compliance reasons) then a non-formulary request for rivaroxaban should be made. Note that in clinical trials, rivaroxaban had an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding compared with warfarin, and that when compared with placebo for long-term secondary prevention, rivaroxaban had a significantly increased risk of bleeding, and apixaban did not have this risk.