2.3 Ensure consent is given voluntarily

To be valid, consent must be given voluntarily, without pressure or undue influence being exerted on the patient either to accept or refuse treatment. Such pressure can come from partners or family members, as well as health professionals. Any information provided should be objective, and if any particular intervention in being recommended by a health professional, they must clearly outline the reasons for doing so. Allowing patients sufficient time to consider the issues, and to consult with others is an important aspect of consent. If insufficient time is given, this may be construed as pressure.

When patients are seen and treated in environments where involuntary detention may be an issue, such as prison and psychiatric hospitals, there is a potential for treatment offers to be perceived coercively, whether or not this is the case. Coercion invalidates consent and care must be taken to ensure that the patient makes a decision freely.

Coercion should be distinguished from providing the patient with appropriate reassurance concerning their treatment or pointing out the potential benefits of treatment for the patient’s health. Threats, however, including a threat to withdraw privileges, are not acceptable, or the consent will be invalid.