Anxiety and related conditions - panic attacks, intrusive thoughts, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), fear of childbirth

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Anxiety is a feeling of unease, such as worry or fear. It is normal to experience some anxiety, worry or stress around times of change or when a significant life event happens, such as pregnancy or childbirth. Anxiety becomes a mental health issue when the thoughts and worries spiral, perhaps feeling out of control, and when it affects your ability to manage everyday life. Anxiety disorders can be common in the perinatal period. It is estimated that 15-20% of women have an anxiety disorder during pregnancy, and 10% may develop anxiety after their baby has been born.

If you have anxiety and are planning a pregnancy, see the planning a pregnancy section for further information.

If you are struggling with anxiety during your pregnancy, or after your baby is born, it is important to talk to your midwife, health visitor or family nurse.  Getting support when you need it will help your and your baby’s wellbeing.

If you feel anxious during your pregnancy or after having your baby, your healthcare professional will discuss your feelings to check if what you are feeling is normal or if you may need help. Your health professional may also use a screening questionnaire that asks about anxiety.

See the section on Identifying when I need support for further information on screening.

Panic attacks

A panic attack is a feeling of sudden and intense anxiety. Panic attacks can also have physical symptoms, including:

  • shaking
  • feeling disorientated
  • nausea
  • rapid, irregular heartbeats
  • dry mouth
  • breathlessness
  • sweating
  • dizziness.

The symptoms of a panic attack are not dangerous, but can be frightening. They normally last between 5  and 30 minutes.

Unwanted or intrusive thoughts

Intrusive thoughts come to everyone at some point in their life. They may be distressing, senseless, unwanted thoughts, images or urges that suddenly pop into your mind. 

Examples include:

Worries and self-doubt: ‘What if my baby stopped breathing?’

Thoughts: ‘I must wash my hands five times before I cook’, ‘The baby’s milk has germs in it’, ‘Everything in the cupboard must be arranged neatly before I go to bed.’

During pregnancy or after the baby has been born parents may have upsetting, intrusive thoughts about the baby. Sometimes they are about harm coming to the baby. These cause a lot of distress and often make parents question their ability to be a good parent.

Although these thoughts tend to reduce naturally over time, they can be more common when new parents are under stress and have little support.

What can help?

  • Remember no one can fully control their thoughts.
  • Try not to pay too much attention to the thoughts that pop into your mind. Almost everyone has these upsetting, meaningless thoughts at some point in their life.
  • Remember having thoughts is not the same as doing something. Try not to confuse thoughts with actions.

When to seek help

Many new parents have intrusive thoughts which tend to disappear naturally over time. But sometimes these thoughts are the symptom of a mental health condition that needs professional treatment, for example:

  • depression
  • obsessive compulsive disorder
  • postpartum (puerperal) psychosis.

In these situations the thoughts tend to happen more often, cause intense distress, and sometimes interfere with being able to look after your baby. If you are concerned it is essential to seek professional help as soon as possible.

If you need to talk to someone immediately, you can call:

  • your GP, health visitor or mental health professional
  • the mental health crisis line, SANElineExternal link, tel: 0300 304 7000, open 4pm to 10pm every day.

If you feel you are struggling to look after your child, you can contact Parentline Scotland.External link

 

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Obsessions are unwanted and unpleasant thoughts, images or urges that keep coming into your mind. They may make you feel you need to do things repeatedly to get rid of the unpleasant feelings; for example, repeatedly washing your hands or repeatedly checking that doors are locked.

Further information:

Overcoming postnatal OCDExternal link

  • On the MIND website, Amy writes about the postnatal OCD that was affecting her life, and how talking about it helped her on the road to recovery.

Success Stories – Maternal OCDExternal link

  • Webpage on the Maternal OCD website of around 10 different stories about overcoming OCD, including one dad’s story.

Fear of childbirth

While it is common to feel anxious or afraid of giving birth, extreme fear of childbirth is a rare but recognised mental health condition. It can make women or birthing parents so frightened of giving birth, they don’t want to go through with the pregnancy.

The medical term for this is  tokophobia or tocophobia. It is more likely to happen if someone:

  • has an anxiety order
  • has had gynaecological problems
  • has experienced sexual abuse, or assault
  • identifies as trans or non-binary, or
  • has heard frightening birth stories from people in their own family.

Talking to a healthcare professional about your fears can help ease tokophobia. For example, this could be someone who will be supporting you while giving birth, such as a midwife, obstetrician or anaesthetist or a perinatal mental health specialist, often a psychologist in a maternity and neonatal psychological intervention service (MNPI).