Skip to main content
  1. Right Decisions
  2. Maternity & Gynaecology Guidelines
  3. Gynecology
  4. Back
  5. Gynaecology guidelines
  6. Ovarian Cysts in Post-Menopausal Women (549)
Announcements and latest updates

Right Decision Service newsletter: April 2024

Welcome to the Right Decision Service (RDS) newsletter for April 2024. 

Issues with RDS and Umbraco access

Tactuum has been working hard to address the issues experienced during the last week. They have identified a series of three mitigation measures and put the first of these in place on Friday 3rd May.  If this does not resolve the problems, the second mitigation will be actioned, and then the third if necessary.

Please keep a lookout for any slowing down of the system or getting locked out. Please email myself, mbuchner@tactuum.com and onivarova@tactuum.com if you experience any problems, and also please raise an urgent support ticket via the Support Portal.

Thank you for your patience and understanding while we achieve a full resolution.

Promotion and communication resources

A rotating carousel presenting some of the key RDS tools and capabilities, and an editable slideset, are now available in the Resources for RDS providers section of the Learning and Support toolkit.

Redesign and improvements to RDS

The redesign of RDS Search and Browse is still on-track for delivery by mid-June 2024. We then plan to have a 3-week user acceptance testing phase before release to live. All editors and toolkit owners on this mailing list will be invited to participate in the UAT.

The archiving and version control functionality is also progressing well and we will advise on timescales for user acceptance testing shortly.

Tactuum is also progressing with the deep linking to individual toolkits within the mobile RDS app. There are several unknowns around the time and effort required for this work, which will only become clear as the work progresses. So we need to be careful to protect budget for this purpose.

New feature requests

These have all been compiled and effort estimated. Once the redesign work is complete, these will be prioritised in line with the remaining budget. We expect this to take place around late June.

Evaluation

Many thanks to those of you completed the value and impact survey we distributed in February. Here are some key findings from the 65 responses we received.

Figure 1: Impact of RDS on direct delivery of care

Key figures

  • 93% say that RDS has improved evidence-informed practice (high impact 62%; some impact 31%)
  • 91% report that RDS has improved consistency in practice (high impact 65%, some impact 26%)
  • 85% say that RDS has improved patient safety (high impact 59%, some impact 26%)
  • Although shared decision-making tools are only a recent addition to RDS, and only represent a small proportion of the current toolset, 85% of respondents still said that RDS had delivered impact in this area (53% high impact, 32% some impact.) 92% anticipate that RDS will deliver impact on shared decision-making in future and 85% believe it will improve delivery of personalised care in future.

Figure 2 shows RDS impact to date on delivery of health and care services

 

Key figures

These data show how RDS is already contributing to NHS reform priorities and supporting delivery of more sustainable care.

Saving time and money

  • RDS clearly has a strong impact on saving practitioner time, with 90% of respondents reporting that this is the case. 65% say it has a high impact; 25% say it has some impact on time-saving.
  • It supports devolved decision-making across the multi-professional team (85% of respondents)
  • 76% of respondents confirm that it saves money compared, for example, to investing in commercial apps (54% high impact; 22% some impact.)
  • 72% believe it has impacted already on saving money and reducing waste in the way services are delivered – e.g. reducing costs of referral management, prescribing, admissions.

Quality assurance and governance

  • RDS leads are clear that RDS has improved local governance of guidelines, with 87% confirming that this is the case. (62% high impact; 25% some impact.)

Service innovation and workforce development

  • RDS is a major driver for service innovation and improvement (83% of respondents) and has impacted significantly on workforce knowledge and skills (92% of respondents – 66% high impact; 26% some impact).

New toolkits

A few examples of toolkits published to live in the last month:

Toolkits in development

Some of the toolkits the RDS team is currently working on:

  • SARCS (Sexual Assault Response Coordination Service)
  • Staffing method framework – Care Inspectorate.
  • SIGN 171 - Diabetes in pregnancy
  • SIGN 158 – British Guideline on Management of Asthma. Selected sections will be incorporated into the RDS, and complemented by a new chronic asthma pathway being developed by SIGN, British Thoracic Society and NICE.
  • Clinical pathways from NHS Fife and NHS Lanarkshire

Please contact his.decisionsupport@nhs.scot if you would like to learn more about a toolkit. The RDS team will put you in touch with the relevant toolkit lead.

Quality audit of RDS toolkits

Thanks to all of you who have responded to the retrospective quality audit survey and to the follow up questions.  We still have some following up to do, and to work with owners of a further 23 toolkits to complete responses. An interim report is being presented to the HIS Quality and Performance Committee.

Implementation projects

Eight clinical services and two public library services are undertaking tests of change to implement the Being a partner in my care app. This app aims to support patients and the public to become active participants in Realistic Medicine. It has a strong focus on personalised, person-centred care and a library of shared decision aids, as well as simple explanations and videoclips to help the public to understand the aims of Realistic Medicine.  The tests of change will inform guidance and an implementation model around wider adoption and spread of the app.

With kind regards

Right Decision Service team

Healthcare Improvement Scotland

Ovarian Cysts in Post-Menopausal Women (549)

Warning

Please report any inaccuracies or issues with this guideline using our online form

Ovarian cysts are common in post-menopausal women (amenorrhoea for 1 year or more), and may be discovered during investigation of gynaecological symptoms or during imaging for other reasons.

Many of these cysts will have a low risk of malignancy, and not all need to be managed surgically. However it is important to triage women appropriately to decide the correct management and place for this to occur.

Investigations

No single test offers 100% sensitivity or specificity for the detection of ovarian cancer. CA125 is elevated in >80% of epithelial ovarian cancers. However a maximum of only 50% of women with clinically detectable stage 1 disease have elevated levels. Ovarian cysts in post-menopausal women should be assessed using CA125 and trans-vaginal ultrasound which offers greater sensitivity than the trans-abdominal method. However larger cysts may require to be assessed abdominally. Routine use of other imaging techniques is not recommended (MRI /CT), although these may be of value in selected cases.

The RMI (Risk of Malignancy Index)

The use of RMI scoring has been shown to be an effective method of determining which women are at low / medium/ high risk of malignancy. RMI scoring includes measurement of CA125 and the assessment of specific ultrasound features. Therefore, ultrasound reporting must detail the morphological features present to enable calculation of the RMI accurately.

The RMI is calculated as follows:

RMI = U x M x CA125

U depends on presence of the following ultrasound features:

  • Multi-loculation
  • Evidence of solid areas
  • Evidence of metastases
  • Bilateral lesions
  • Presence of ascites

U value 0: no ultrasound features
U value 1: 1 ultrasound feature
U value 3: 2 – 5 ultrasound features

M scores 3 for post-menopausal women (1 for pre-menopausal)

See attached pro-forma for Calculation of RMI

Management

Simple unilateral, unilocular ovarian cysts measuring <5cm, in the presence of a normal CA125, should be managed conservatively in the vast majority of cases, with follow-up TV scans and CA125 measurements, which should be performed at 4-monthly intervals for a year. If there has been no change over the course of a year then the woman can be discharged.

If the RMI is <200, but the woman is symptomatic or CA125 >25, then surgical management should be considered (oophorectomy). Surgery should also be considered if the RMI is < 200 but the cyst >5cm in diameter.

If the RMI is >200, then the case should be referred to the Gyn / Oncology MDT for surgery in a cancer centre, and a CT scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis arranged in the interim.

The management is summarised in the flow diagram.

Flowchart for the management of ovarian cysts in post-menopausal woman

Appendix: Calculating the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI)

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 14/07/2022

Next review date: 14/07/2025

Author(s): Claire Higgins.

Version: 2

Approved By: Gynaecology Clinical Governance Group

Document Id: 549

References

RCOG Guideline No.34: Ovarian Cysts in Postmenopausal Women
SIGN Guideline No.75: Epithelial Ovarian Cancer